And There Was Light: Abraham Lincoln and the American Struggle by Jon Meacham
Non-Fiction, Biography, History
In his sermon on the mount, Jesus said (as recorded in Matthew 6), "you cannot serve both God and mammon." Throughout the ages, this truth has cut to the heart of so much about our social, political, and cultural struggles. In mid-19th century America, this eternal struggle was on full — and brutally harsh — display.
In his book And There Was Light: Abraham Lincoln and the American Struggle, Pulitzer Prize-winner Jon Meacham writes of the life and times of our 16th president and the issue of slavery that permeated every aspect of American life in the era (and, in reality, has in every era since our founding).
Meacham's beautifully written book explores a man — Abraham Lincoln — and not just a myth or a legend. He also traces Lincoln's ever-evolving path toward being, ultimately, the most significant figure of the nineteenth century — if not all of American history.
I can't possibly say much about this book that Meacham's words can't convey on their own. Below are quotes from the book which leaped off the page to me.
WHO LINCOLN WAS:
"Lincoln was not all he might have been — vanishingly few human beings are — but he was more than many men have been. We could have done worse. And we have. And, as Lincoln himself would readily acknowledge, we can always do better. In that cause, we must try to see Abraham Lincoln — and ourselves — whole." (Prologue xxxvii)
RACISM:
"That he did not seek political or social equality between whites and Blacks, and his occasional use of the N-word including in the debates with Douglas, raise difficult questions about Lincoln's own views on race. However deep his antislavery commitment, he was a white man in a white-dominated nation shaped by anti-Black prejudice that he to some extent shared. As his defenders have noted. Lincoln had respectful dealings with free Black people in Springfield, including representing Black clients, and he would welcome Black callers to the White House - details that suggest more of an egalitarian attitude than many of his white contemporaries shared." (p. 164-165)
DIFFERING REALITIES:
"He was seeking the presidency of a country riven not only by competing interests but by incompatible understandings of reality. Lincoln saw democracy as an essential good; his foes saw it as a threat to an aristocracy of power. Lincoln saw slavery as an evil to be eradicated; his foes saw it as a necessary and divinely ordained fact of life. To defend that aristocracy, and that fact of life, those foes of the Republican rail-splitter of Illinois had gathered in Charleston, South Carolina, to marshal their forces, and to take their stand." (p. 187)
SLAVERY AND THE SOUTH:
"To question slavery was to question the white South's values, faith, and intelligence — and such questions solicited not thoughtful replies but raw anger. For slavery was not incidental to the white Southern way of life, it was essential to white Southern power in terms of creating wealth, of maintaining white hegemony, and of holding sway in national politics. Limit slavery and you limited the reach of white Southerners; allow freedom to grow in the West and you put slavery in danger where it existed. When everything was at stake, nothing could be conceded." (p. 191)
RELIGION:
"A true portrait of Lincoln as president must include our best — if necessarily imperfect and incomplete — effort to capture how he understood the concepts of God and Providence. For if we take him at his word — and we should, for few presidents chose his words with more care — the mature Lincoln viewed the history of the American people and nation as mysteriously but inexorably intertwined with the will and wishes, the vengeance and the mercy and the punishments and the rewards of a divine force beyond time and space." (p. 226)
THE WAR'S TOLL:
"The Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia, was disastrous, too. In the second week of December, Confederates crushed the Union forces there, exacting about thirteen thousand casualties to the South's nearly five thousand. "If there is a worse place than Hell," Lincoln said, "I am in it." As in the Secession Winter, there were calls for peace through compromise and negotiation — calls that were more urgent in light of the death toll and the Confederate victories. Unless the Union could triumph in the field, Lincoln said privately, "the bottom would be out of the whole affair." (p. 285)
RE-ELECTION
"In the fourth year of war, two hundred forty-five years after the arrival of the enslaved at Jamestown, eighty-eight years after the Declaration of Independence, and seventy-six years after the ratification of the Constitution, an American president insisted that a core moral commitment to liberty must survive the vicissitudes of politics, the prejudices of race, and the contests of interest. ... His achievement is remarkable not because he was otherworldly, or saintly, or savior-like, but because he was what he was-an imperfect man seeking to bring a more perfect Union into being." (p. 349)
LEGACY
"Lincoln kept America's democratic project alive. He did not do so alone. Innumerable ordinary people made sacrifices, even unto death, to preserve the Union against the designs of the rebel South. But Lincoln was essential, and his ultimate vision of the nation — that the country should be free of slavery — was informed by a moral understanding. To him, America ought to seek to practice the principles of the Declaration of Independence as fully as possible, for the alternatives were so much worse." (p. 418-419, Epilogue)
I started this book two days past the 160th anniversary of Appomattox Court House and four days prior to the 160th anniversary of Lincoln's death. For two weeks, I have immersed myself daily in the life of Lincoln and the happenings of the mid-nineteenth century. Meacham doesn't dwell on battle plans, successes and failures as so many Civil War-era books do, but deeply explores the man at the center of it all.
Our Union endured an apocalypse in the mid 1800s, the reprecussions of which echo in our land on a daily basis even in 2025. Meacham's book helps us see the role the right man at the right time played in keeping the country together, despite enormous "fightings within and fears without."
Meacham concludes with these thoughts, which offer some hope among the weight: "Lincoln's life shows us that progress can be made by fallible and fallen presidents and peoples — which in a fallible and fallen world, should give us hope." (p. 420, Epilogue)
I strongly recommend this book. So far, it's my read of the year.